Malaysia retains the death penalty and carried out its last execution in 2016. Malay authorities have been accused on a few occasions of arbitrarily executing prisoners and detainees. These reports were infrequent but never investigated and Malay authorities also never disclosed the circumstances of these deaths. Additionally, they were often not reported to coroners. Malaysia has no law that expressly outlaws torture. Laws that prohibit “committing grievous hurt” generally encompass torture and there are few reports of torture in custody. Corporal punishment remains legal in Malaysia. Over sixty offenses are punishable by caning. Men older than fifty (unless convicted of rape) and women and boys under ten are exempt from caning regardless of conviction. Boys ages ten to eighteen are subject to no more than ten lashings with a “light cane” and cannot be caned in public. Muslims may be prosecuted for certain crimes under Sharia law. Women are not exempt from caning under Sharia law. While this provision is unconstitutional and has never been leveraged this constitutional question has also never been resolved. Rohingya refugees entering from Burma were placed in quarantine centers with poor conditions. They lacked adequate access to sanitation facilities or medicine and also lacked adequate social distancing measures, fostering the spread of COVID in the camps. The government failed to respond to COVID outbreaks in prison populations. Some prisons reported infection rates above 60% and many prisons had inadequate responses, thus seeing high death rates. Few prisons released first-time or light offenders to reduce populations. The government retains certain provisions that allow them to pre-emptively arrest people with suspected connections to banned groups. Detainees can be held for two-year terms, renewable indefinitely, without charge or trial. Detainees must be placed before a state prosecutor within forty-eight hours of detention who determines if “sufficient evidence exists to justify” their detention. Detainees can be released with restrictions on their place of residence, travel, or internet access for ten years. Approximately one thousand Malays are currently detained without charge or trial under these security laws. Additionally, detainees can be held in “investigative custody” for up to twenty-four hours without charge in connection with an ongoing investigation. Reports of police releasing and immediately re-arresting people to extend the “investigative custody” period. The government used “investigative custody” to detain, harass, and intimidate journalists. Journalists with connections to other journalists under investigation for sedition are often held in “investigative custody” and are often subject to other forms of arbitrary arrest. Student activist Won Yan Ke was placed in temporary detention for “obstructing police from carrying out their duties.” Wong livestreamed police raiding the home of a Universiti Malaya student in connection with a sedition investigation. Sharia police can enter the homes of Muslims suspected of crimes under Sharia law without a warrant. Freedom of expression is subject to restriction “in the interest of the security of the Federation and maintenance of public order.” The government has curtailed freedom of expression to “uphold Islam,” “uphold the special status of ethnic Malays,” “protect national security,” and “maintain public order.” Malaysia has very strict hate speech laws. Racist or Islamophobic remarks and criticism of the King or Sultans can result in lengthy jail sentences. The government can censor any news publication at its own discretion and often censors news publications it deemed threatening to Islam, ethnic Malays, or national security. Criticism of the Malaysian government is often punishable by arbitrary arrest without charge. Ethnic Malays have special status under Malaysian law and Malaysia has been called an ethnocracy. Homosexuality is punishable by caning and vigilante beatings and canings are also tolerated. Abortion is legal to preserve the physical and mental health of the woman. Malaysia received a five-point penalty for homosexuality being punishable by corporal punishment.