Kosovo - 59.27

73

Unrecognized for no good reason

Kosovo is an unfortunate victim of Russia’s neo-colonial network of influence across the world. Recognized by just over half of all UN member states, Kosovo has a seat at few negotiating tables and holds little diplomatic power internationally. There is little reason for this. Kosovo’s human rights rap sheet is relatively good, it is relatively free, and its government is competent enough to manage itself within its own borders. Kosovo does not make claims to the de facto territory of another nation. But Kosovo goes unrecognized by almost half of all UN Member States because of Serbia, and by extension, Russia. Serbia, a close ally of Russia, claims Kosovo as part of its territory. By extension, almost all of Russia’s allies and even a number of generally neutral countries toe the line to avoid upsetting Moscow. This includes China, a second member of the UN Security Council. It includes much of Africa and Latin America. Kosovo was founded as a refuge for predominantly Muslim Albanian Serbs fleeing persecution, but Muslim solidarity was not enough to sway Indonesia, Iran, or Algeria. Many countries, including Spain, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine fear that granting Kosovo legitimacy would in turn grant legitimacy to their own breakaway regions. The byzantine and consistently hostile ethnic relations in the Balkans prevent Greece from recognizing Kosovo. The deliberate decisions by Spain and Greece to not recognize Kosovo are especially important as they are the only two vocal opponents to Kosovo’s accession to the EU. While Kosovo is a country that undoubtedly struggles, there is no good reason other than racism and ethnocentrism that Kosovo does not deserve independence.

Human Rights - 78

Kosovo has fully abolished the death penalty. The Kosovar government has finally begun prosecuting members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLO) who committed war crimes during the Yugoslav Civil War, but the whereabouts of 1643 people who went missing during the Yugoslav Civil War remains unknown. The governments of both Kosovo and Serbia have refused to disclose their whereabouts. Investigative journalists face frequent attacks for their work. Police regularly intimidate journalists and journalists faced attacks from organized crime. Trans Kosovar can access sex reassignment surgery but cannot change their legal gender. Trans Kosovar cannot serve openly. Kosovo does not recognize same-sex marriage or joint adoption. Abortion is legal to ten weeks and sex-selective abortion is prohibited.

Democracy - 48

The prime minister is elected by a parliament supermajority. The Veteventosje party formed a government and installed Prime Minister Ablin Kurti. The Veteventosje government collapsed after a no-confidence vote but the Constitutional Court ruled snap elections unnecessary. The Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) came to power after new elections after winning by a single vote. One MP had been convicted of fraud before voting resulting in the election being nullified by the Constitutional Court. Snap elections were called but they have not yet happened. Parliament is directly elected. Elections are generally free and fair but voter registries still include some deceased people. A multi-party system exists but it is plagued by a number of issues. Serb List, a party that effectively serves to represent the interests of the Serbian government, has an affiliated militia that intimidates voters in areas under Serb List control. LDK and other old-guard parties teamed up to oust the first Veteventosje government, the first time that a political outside had made a real splash in Kosovo. Politicians have links to organized crime across the board. Ethnic Serbs face disenfranchisement. Kosovo received a five-point penalty for their democratic system being under the control of an unelected interim at year’s end.

Freedom - 64

Investigative journalists are frequently intimidated by police or attacked by organized crime. Unregistered religious groups face difficulty buying property, accessing burial sites, or gaining the privileges of recognized religious groups. Muslims receive preferential treatment from the government but the operation of Christian groups is not restricted. Demonstrations are banned near the de facto XK-RS border. Trade unionists face frequent harassment by organized crime and sometimes by the government. All drugs are illegal in Kosovo. Kosovo may issue gun ownership licenses for bolt-action rifles and shotguns. Handguns are heavily restricted as only 150 handgun ownership permits are currently in use in Kosovo.

Economy - 77

Health - 63

Kosovo has a life expectancy of 63 years and an infant mortality rate of 0.9%. 20% of Kosovar are obese and 6.5% are malnourished. Kosovo has a strong universal healthcare system that provides high-quality care to all citizens. 98.5% of Kosovar have access to clean, running water. Kosovo is one of the only countries in Europe that has not eradicated tuberculosis. TB is rare in Kosovo but is still present. 41% of adult Kosovar smoke regularly.

Corruption - 27

The Kosovar judicial system is one of the most corrupt in Europe. All levels of the court system are subject to political pressure. An extensive backlog has resulted in courts taking bribes to allow people to skip queues. Judicial verdicts are bought and sold at all but the highest levels. Police have close ties to organized crime and police extortion is far from unheard of. Public services must often be bribed into action. Property records must be obtained through bribery. Tax collectors can be bribed into not collecting taxes and tax fraud is very easy to get away with in Kosovo. Public contracts are impossible to obtain without bribery.

Competency - 37

Kosovo is unrecognized by 96 countries. The government is failing to manage its electoral system. Kosovo is failing to manage its border with Serbia. The government is failing to eliminate disease. Kosovo received a ten-point penalty for its partial recognition.

Future - 40

Kosovo has been edging towards independence, but this progress is very come-and-go. Kosovo has come in and out of talks with Serbia surrounding independence. These talks have largely amounted to nothing but the fact that Serbia is willing to come to the negotiating table in the first place is progress. Bosnia, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, and FYROM are the closest to war that they have been since the 1990s. The crisis in Northern Kosovo has pushed the region closer to war. Kosovo is counting on protection from Western allies and it is unclear if this will be delivered. Kosovo’s democratic system suffered a major blow as the ousting of the Veteventosje government marks a turn away from democracy, though the long-term ramifications of this event are unclear.

Actions Abroad - 38

The entire land claimed by Kosovo is also claimed by Serbia, but Kosovo does not claim any land not under its own de facto control. Both sides of the dispute are generally uncooperative with one another. The Serbian License Plate Crisis, perpetrated by Kosovo, has been a major factor in pushing the region closer to war. Kosovo is in talks with NATO and the EU but attempts to draw closer to either organization have been stimied by Spain and Greece. Kosovo receives large amounts of foreign and military aid from the United States.

0.2% of Kosovar live below the international poverty line and 17.2% live below the national poverty line. 25% of Kosovar are unemployed. Kosovo is one of the least economically disparate countries in the world. The minimum wage in Kosovo is $146 per month. Kosovo has a strong universal healthcare system, with all of the population having access to a relatively high-quality hospital. Most wealthy Kosovar still choose to pay for private healthcare. The Kosovar economy shrunk 6.9% in 2020 and grew 5% in 2019.